逾八成本地青少年熱愛祖國 願以理性開放態度全面瞭解國家 (日期:二00九年五月十九日)

對於今年的題目，之前和上届的組員開會討論過他們的data，我覺得他們的framework structure做得很好，用５個在學校的教育場景的dimentions去量度學生是否有理性愛國的傾向，當中從data可看到香港的中學著重於有那些dimention的國民教育，和是否提供學生有開放性的討論，而那些會導致學生傾向理性愛國和盲目受國等等。

下年就到我們了，確實有點緊張(尤其在記招上發言)，希望下次的我們的調查結果能令社會有更大的回響(我們仍在討論決定做那個題目)

好～看調查結果吧！還有辛苦晒contributors！！

逾八成本地青少年熱愛祖國
願以理性開放態度全面瞭解國家       (日期:二00九年五月十九日)

突破機構義工群體「青年研究網絡小組」進行之「國民教育與青少年愛國態度」研究發現，逾八成本地青少年熱愛祖國，願以理性開放態度全面瞭解國家，但僅一成受訪者指學校有教授中國政治理念的知識。「突破」建議學校之國民教育，除歷史與文化，亦應著重視政治、公民權利和經濟體系等方面，同時採用開放對話形式，讓青少年有主動認識和思考的機會。

研究方法
研究於2008年12月以普查問卷方式，抽樣訪問全港12間中學的中四至中七學生，收回1,680份問卷，其中有1,022份有效問卷，佔總數的60.8%，樣本標準誤差3.1%。受訪樣本當中，男性佔32.7%，女性佔67.3%，年齡主要介乎15-18歲，佔91.0%，受訪者主要在香港出生(81.8%)，其次為內地(16.5%)。

青少年熱愛祖國
數據顯示，逾八成(80.8%)受訪者認同「使中國強大是我們的責任，但要考慮做法是否合理」；82.0%受訪者認為「作為國民，我應該主動並客觀地認識中國的優點與缺點」，顯示香港青少年普遍具有愛國觀念，並願以理性態度認識和關心祖國，履行國民責任。

國民教育欠全面
研究又發現，約三成半(34.7%)受訪者表示老師經常提及有關「中國人的一些共同價值(如：忠孝、禮義廉恥、仁義等)」，但僅一成(9.7%)表示老師經常提及有關「中國政府的政治理想、理念和政府架構 (如：人大制度、民主集中制、人民民主專政等)的課題」﹔反映學校只偏重某些國民教育的課題，學校的國民教育偏頗，未能滿足青少年希望全面和客觀認識祖國之期望。

國民教育開放助青年理性愛國
此外，老師對於各個課題能持開放討論的態度，鼓勵學生表達意見，青少年則愈能以公正和客觀的態度對待中國的議題，並願意對國家政府或政策提出意見，這相關尤以政治方面的討論為明顯。可見開放及對話式的國民教育，對培育青少年對國家具客觀理性的公民意識十分重要。

國民教育應重視對話和全面探究
「青年研究網絡小組」主席林俊杰指出，國民教育之內容，應均衡地涵蓋政治、經濟、文化、歷史及山河大地五方面，讓青少年客觀及全面地認識祖國，思考相關議題，從而培養對祖國的整全理解及具體認同。

突破機構事工研究及發展部經理陳競存指出，現時的所謂愛國教育，大多流於單向灌輸形式，只強調國家之強大，缺乏讓年青人理性思辯和參與的空間，無助於培養理性和積極的愛國思想。是次研究顯示開放式的國民教育，方能培養青少年理性積極的愛國態度。因此，國民教育應提供對話機會，讓青少年有發現知識和表達想法的空間，建議當局除升旗和國歌之類的形式教育外，應多舉辦國情研討相關的青年論壇，提供認識和探討祖國國情的討論平台，為他們履行公民責任奠定基礎，並藉著認識和參與的過程，建立對國家的歸屬感，從而認同自己的國民身份。

retrieved fromhttp://www.breakthrough.org.hk/ir/Research/39_Patriotism/Patriotism.htm

an article: The Medium is the massage

Tittle: The Medium is the massage

 (this article is a  project of my study at social structure and social theory at 2009 , looking backward, which is a naive in mixing up the theories simply)

 

Sometime, we enjoy but don’t know what behind our back…

 

Sometime, different consumers need different “service”…

Content  

1. Introduction——————————————–3
2. Mass V.S. Public—————————————-5
3. Newspaper———————————————-7
4. Television———————————————–11
5. Advertisement—————————————–18
6. The Internet——————————————–26
7. Conclusion———————————————-29 
8. Reference———————————————–30

1. Introduction

In daily life, we are easier to gain any information through media, especially mass media. Through analyzing the transmission of information through mass media, we can find out the path of construction of our society which involves forming social values, norms, beliefs, and lifestyles, so on. Mass media is a term used to denote a section of the media specifically envisioned and designed to reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. It is the sum of the public mass distributors of news and entertainment across media such as newspapers, television, radio, and broadcasting. It aims to produce a collective sense to connect people to people, and then solidifies masses from groups to a society.

To some extent, the messages through mass media are not raw, but naturalize and realize filtered information by journals, especially popular newspapers, and by broadcasting. Some will be diluted, some inevitably misinterpreted. By Marshall McLuhan pointed out that the form of a medium embeds itself in the message, creating a symbiotic relationship by which the medium influences how the message is perceived. McLuhan also proposed that mediathemselves, not the content they carry, should be the focus of study; he said that a medium affects the society in which it plays a role not only by the content delivered over the medium, but by the characteristics of the medium itself.As a result, people received those messages as forming a mass society with special characteristics, notably atomization or lack of social connections, which render it especially susceptible to the influence of modern mass-media techniques such as advertising and propaganda.By Frankfurt School’s definition of mass society, mass society is linked to a society of alienated individuals held together by a culture industry that served the interests of capitalism.

In this journal, I selected three types of mass media, including Newspaper, Television and Advertisement, to examine the social construction (ideologies) through them. And I would like to apply some cultural theories to analyze audiences and messages, even the medium.

In the last part, I have mentioned an alternative media—The Internet, which maybe totally subvert the ownership/authority of production of culture. And it is a public media for people to discuses.

To begin with this journal, you are asked to think about why I see the medium as a“massage”. In the end of this journal, I will answer why the journal’s name was called“The Medium is the massage”

2. Mass V.S. Public 

-This area in front of Time Square is a public area-

First of all, since I will mention “mass” frequently, I will define what is mass, and the distinction between mass and public.

According to a sociologist C. Wright Mills, he made a distinction between a society of “masses” and “public”. As he tells:

In term of public

1. Virtually as many people express opinions as receive them,
2. Public communications are so organized that there is a chance immediately and effectively to answer back any opinion expressed in public. Opinion formed by such discussion
3. Readily finds an outlet in effective action, even against – if necessary – the prevailing system of authority.
4. Authoritative institutions do not penetrate the public, which is thus more or less autonomous in its operations.

In term of mass,

1. Far fewer people express opinions than receive them; for the community of publics becomes an abstract collection of individuals who receive impressions from the mass media.
2. The communications that prevail are so organized that it is difficult or impossible for the individual to answer back immediately or with any effect.
3. The realization of opinion in action is controlled by authorities who organize and control the channels of such action. The mass has no autonomy from institutions; on the contrary, agents of authorized institutions penetrate this mass, reducing any autonomy it may have in the formation of opinion by discussion”

(to be continued...)